Extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis. A review of 286 operations.

Since Grice (1952) published his report of subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis, and later (1955) described his results in fifty-two cases, this operation has been widely used. In 1957 Westin and Hall published a preliminary report of sixty-two extra-articular arthrodeses in patients from three to twelve years of age with paralytic pes planus and pes calcaneo-valgus. Malvarez (1957) reported his results in eighty-seven cases of children aged from two to six years. Weissman, Torok and Karmosh (1957) reported thirty operations in patients with paralytic pes planovalgus. Baker and Dodelin (1958) published the results of twenty-nine operations on the valgus feet of patients with cerebral palsy aged from three to thirteen years. In 1959 Grice reported his results in a series of 108 cases that included patients with a considerable variety of deformities, including congenital planovalgus foot in cerebral palsy, valgus foot in spina bifida and paralytic calcaneo-valgus foot. He had also treated adult patients with fractures of the calcaneus and with degenerative arthritis and tuberculosis of the subtalar joint. In 1963 Zachariae recorded the results in sixty-six cases of pes planovalgus and